Biotech News Headlines
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Following are recent biotech news headlines from a few articles and editorials about the farmers, scientists, academic institutions and government agencies who use, research, review and debate the benefits of biotech.
Please click on a link below to view the corresponding article for the selected biotech news headline.
December
December 02, 2008
Cuba Ready to Authorize GM Corn Crop: Scientists
Esteban Israel, Reuters
Scientists expect Cuba will authorize the planting of GM corn for the first time to produce seed for future crops to help reduce the country’s dependence on food imports. Cuba imports approximately 60 percent of its food, including large amounts of soy, wheat and corn. Cuban labs also are in the developmental stages of producing GM soybeans, potatoes and tomatoes.
December 01, 2008
Food Crunch Opens Doors to Bioengineered Crops
Elaine Kurtenbach, The Associated Press
Surging costs, population growth, drought and other factors have raised the number of people going hungry to more than 923 million, according to U.N. estimates. In this article, several experts comment on the potential for bioengineered crops to contribute to a second “green revolution”, as well as discuss the ongoing research efforts and current adoption figures for bioengineered crops in China and several other countries worldwide.
November
November 20, 2008
Agricultural Biotech A Critical Link to Sustainability Around the Globe
Cary Blake, Western Farm Press
In this article, an industry expert from BIO summarizes the benefits of agricultural biotech and how it is contributing to sustainability around the globe. Agricultural biotech supports sustainable agriculture by increasing crop production and yields, promoting resource conservation and energy efficiency, reducing the environmental footprint of agriculture, contributing to a decrease in the application of pesticide active ingredients, allowing farmers to expand no-till farming, and helping to improve the economic viability and quality of life for farmers on both small and large operations.
November 20, 2008
GM Foods Safe: Agriculture Minister
ABC Online (Australia)
In this radio interview with ABC Radio in Australia, the Australian Agriculture Minister Tony Burke says it’s time for GM crops to be a part of the solution to the global food shortage and climate change. He states the key principle needs to be food safety, and that decisions should be based on science not on superstition.
November 19, 2008
Indian Cotton Farmers Pip US Counterparts In Farm Income
The Hindu (India)
Ag economist Graham Brookes discusses how farmers in developing countries like India are earning more income per hectare than their counterparts in the US, Australia and Argentina. Based on the speed of adoption in India, Brookes predicts the average income benefits in the coming years will be more than two billion dollars.
October
October 02, 2008
Scientists Close to Cracking Wheat's Genetic Code
Ben Hirschler, Reuters
French scientists believe they have found a way to map the complex genetic code of wheat, which could lead to improved crop varieties. Wheat had been considered impossible to sequence due to the vast size of its genome. A map of the genome will make it easier to identify genes that can be used in conventional or genetically modified programs.
September
September 26, 2008
Modified Crops the Way of the Future
Bruce Johnstone, Regina Leader-Post
At a recent Biotech Week event, industry experts said that more genetically modified crops will be needed if farmers are to meet global food shortages and climate change. The article discusses research to use genetic modification to improve plant resistance to drought, heat and disease, as well as the potential for GM wheat to help offset the steadily declining wheat acreage in the U.S.
September 18, 2008
Effects of Genetically Modified Cotton on Bollworms in China Revealed in Science
Brandon Bryn, AAAS
The article summarizes a recently published study on genetically modified Bt cotton in northern China. The study found that pest populations decreased in Bt cotton – as well as in other nearby crops that were not modified with Bt. The study also found that the use of Bt cotton and other genetically modified crops could provide a safer and more economical solution to pest control in many small farms around the world.
September 15, 2008
After Rain, Biotech Might Be a Farmer's Best Friend
Thomas Gaudio, NJBiz
Since initially planting genetically modified seeds about 10 years ago, New Jersey farmer Frank Jany has seen an average gain of approximately $50 per acre due to higher crop yields and lower production costs. A spokesperson for the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station says that approximately half of all corn and 90 percent of all soybeans grown in New Jersey are genetically modified.
September 12, 2008
Farmers Embrace Genetically Modified Beets
Dan Gunderson, Minnesota Public Radio
In the first year of availability, farmers in the Red River Valley planted more than half of their acres with genetically modified sugar beets. The article explains that it is hard to control weeds in sugar beets, which lowers crop yields and costs a farmer thousands of dollars. In addition to better weed control, genetically modified sugar beets allowed farmers to cultivate less, make fewer trips across their fields and burn less diesel fuel. Experts anticipate plantings will reach 90 percent of acreage next year.
September 11, 2008
SAfrica Okays Sorghum Trials to Improve Nutrition in Africa: Official
AFP
South African researchers are researching and will be conducting trials on sorghum that is genetically modified to be more nutritious and more easily digested than conventional sorghum. Sorghum is an African crop and staple food of millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa.
September 11, 2008
Bt Brinjal to Go Commercial Next Year
Dilip Kumar Jha, Business Standard
Next year, Indian farmers will be able to plant genetically modified Bt Brinjal – the first edible product in the country to be grown using GM seeds. The India Crop Biotechnology Association explains that brinjal is a staple food for many poor people in India. Bt brinjal is expected to increase production, decrease pesticide applications and increase farmer income.
September 09, 2008
Kenyan Scientist’s Relentless Crusade Against Hunger Wins Her Top Award
Millicent Mwololo, Daily Nation
Kenyan scientist Dr. Florence Wambugu received the 2008 Yara Prize for her contributions to the reduction of hunger and poverty. Dr. Wambugu has been working to develop biotech banana and sweet potato, specifically for rural Kenyan farmers. The article provides background on Dr. Wambugu’s work, as well as the need for agricultural research and new technology in Kenya.
September 05, 2008
China to Grow Modified Corn, Soybeans, Analyst Says
William Bi and Feiwen Rong, Bloomberg.com
According to this Bloomberg article, China plans to grow GM corn and soybeans for the first time next year with hopes of creating sustainable growth in farming incomes and by increasing grain output. China is the world’s biggest grain consumer and the top user of edible oil made from soybeans.
September 03, 2008
Danish Farmers to Grow GM Crops
The Copenhagen Post
Danish farmers are preparing to grow genetically modified crops in fall 2009. Eva Kjer Hansen, the minister for food, agriculture and fisheries says Danish farmers must use GM crops, especially since they can increase crop production and lead to a cleaner environment.
September 02, 2008
GM Potato Blessing for Small Farmers: South African Group
Indo-Asian News Service
The Agricultural Research Council has developed GM potato that is resistant to the potato tuber moth, a pest that negatively impacts yields for small-scale South African farmers who do not have resources to properly store crops. AfricaBio says the GM potato will help eliminate losses of approximately US$5 annually.
August
August 21, 2008
Low Acreage Not to Dent Cotton Production Due to Bt Plantation
Press Trust of India
According to government data, cotton production in India may not witness a significant fall despite reduction in acreage in 2008-09, thanks to better yield expected from increasing cultivation of genetically modified Bt-cotton. Bt-cotton acreage continues to rise with farmers sowing the transgenic seed in more than 80 percent of sowing area, compared with about 65 percent last year.
August 19, 2008
An Advocate for Science Diplomacy: A Conversation with Nina V. Fedoroff
Claudia Dreifus, New York Times
This article captures a conversation with Nina Federov, science adviser to the U.S. secretary of state and administrator of the Agency for International Development and member of the National Academy of Sciences. Dr. Federov addresses organic farming, opposition from environmentalists, and the need for a science adviser at the highest levels of government.
August 17, 2008
Bt Cotton Pushes India’s Farm Biotech Revenue Up By 30 Percent
PTI, LiveMint.com
According to a recent USDA report, India is the second largest producer and exporter of cotton in the world, largelydue to planting of Bt cotton. India’s farm biotechnology revenue spiked by 30 percent during the 2007-08 fiscal year, while export revenue grew by 12 percent. Over the last six years, Bt cotton coverage has reached more than 80 percent of the total cotton area planted in 2007.
August 06, 2008
Honduras Embraces Genetically Modified Crops
Dan Charles, NPR (Retrieved from CheckBiotech.org)
Honduras is encouraging growers to plant genetically modified corn that is protected against attacks from the corn borer. A farmer from Honduras started growing GM corn four years ago and says “this technology saves him so much time and money … he can’t imagine not using it.” Robert Paarlberg, a professor at Wellesley College, is also interviewed and supports broader adoption of genetic engineering to help farmers in developing countries.
August 01, 2008
Insecticide Use on Vegetables in Ghana: Would GM Seed Benefit Farmers?
Daniela Horna, Melinda Smale, et.al., International Food Policy Research Institute
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) published a discussion paper on the potential benefits of GM tomato, cabbage and African eggplant in Ghana. The abstract states that genetic modification has the potential to alleviate poverty by combating yield losses, while reducing health risks from application of crop chemicals.
August 01, 2008
Leader Wants to Feed the World
Repps Hudson, St. Louis Post-Dispatch
In this interview, Dr. Roger Beachy, president of the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, discusses the status and achievements of the Center over the last nine years. Ninety of their 205 employees have PhDs, and represent 21 different countries. He addresses their work specifically in camelina and cassava.
July
July 30, 2008
Genetic Engineering Can Help Solve Food Crisis: US Expert
Sreya Basu, Indo-Asian News Service (Retrieved from CheckBiotech.org)
In this article, American agricultural expert Bruce M. Chassy discusses how genetic engineering can help solve the world food crisis and notes, “by 2025, there will be a shortage of 400 billion tones of cereal grains that make up our staple diet.” Chassy also addresses skeptic’s arguments that genetically modified foods are unsafe. “This is a complete misconception.”
July 28, 2008
Researchers Predict Increase of Drought-Resistant Crops Within 10 Years
Cary Blake, Farm Press Media, July 28, 2008
This article captures comments from three speakers featured at the BIO International Convention in San Diego, Calif. They discuss the potential for drought-resistant crops within the next five to 10 years. “One-third of the world’s population lives with water scarcity and the number is expected to double in the next 30 years. Agriculture uses about 70 percent of the world’s available fresh water to grow food and fiber.” Drought-tolerant GM crops are expected to help crops flourish with less water.
July 28, 2008
Vietnam to Allow Genetically Modified Crops to Reduce Imports
Vietnam Business Finance
Vietnam Business Finance reported that Vietnam plans to increase production of genetically modified soybeans, corn and cotton on a “massive” scale in order to make up for a record-breaking rising inflation rate. The Southeast Asian nation hopes this move will help to decrease imports.
July 27, 2008
GM Crops Provide Key to Greening Barren Lands
Rudy A. Fernandez, The Philippine Star
For almost a decade, genetically modified (GM) corn has excited the interest of many Filipino farmers because of its high yield and resistance to the corn borer. Due to achievements in GM crop production, the area devoted to biotech corn continues to expand. As of 2007, about 300,000 hectares had been planted to GM corn in the Philippines. The country is now the world’s 10th biggest grower of GM crops, thus, joining the ranks of biotech “mega-countries” (those planting GM crops in 50,000 ha or more).
July 18, 2008
Burkina Launches Monsanto GMO Cotton To Boost Crop
Mathieu Bonkoungou, Reuters
Burkina Faso became the first government in West Africa to approve GMO cotton for planting. Researchers from INERA in Burkina Faso report a reduction in pesticide applications of at least 60 percent. Combined with a 30 percent higher yield, researchers anticipate revenues from Bt cotton will increase approximately 55,000 CFA francs per hectare.
July 18, 2008
Science Supersizes Crops
Kara Rowland, Washington Times
Dr. Clive James, Chairman of the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (ISAAA), talks with the Washington Times about “the need for genetically modified crops to help farmers grow more food on fewer acres as the world is running out of land and water while the population is expected to climb to 9 billion by 2015.” Dr. James also provides numerous current statistics on the adoption of plant biotechnology globally.
July 17, 2008
Brazil Coop Coamo Plans To Produce GMO Corn This Year
Tony Danby, Dow Jones Newswires
Brazil’s largest agricultural cooperative plans to produce genetically modified corn for the first time this year. The cooperative already plants genetically modified soy, which accounts for 55 percent of its crop versus 45 percent for conventional seeds.
July 12, 2008
No Easy Solutions to Food Price Rise
Eric Berger, Houston Chronicle (Retrieved from CheckBiotech.org)
The Houston Chronicle published this interview with Norman Borlaug on rising food costs, high yield crops and the fear of genetically modified foods. Borlaug says there are no simple solutions to the crunch in food prices.
July 10, 2008
Genetically Engineered Crops Continue to Grow in Nebraska
Robert Pore, The Grand Island Independent
This article discusses figures on U.S. adoption of plant biotechnology that were recently released by the USDA. According to the USDA report, 80 percent of the nation’s corn crop and 92 percent of the nation’s soybean crop is biotech. In Nebraska, biotechnology varieties accounted for 86 percent of the planted acreage.
June
June 20, 2008
NFU Welcomes Moves for Debate on GM Crops Role
Sam Wood, The Journal (Retrieved from nebusiness.co.uk)
The National Farmers Union of the UK is supporting Environment Minister Phil Woolas’ push to “start a debate about a greater role for GM crops.” Woolas’ came out last week in favor of GM crops, saying that it has the potential to help feed an ever-expanding world.
June 19, 2008
Biotech Canola Could Offer Even Healthier Oil
Andrea Johnson, Farm & Ranch Guide
Dow AgroSciences LLC and Martek Biosciences Corporation say they will develop and commercialize a canola seed that produces omega-3 fatty acid, DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), a healthy long-chain fatty acid that supports brain, eye and cardiovascular health. The article goes on to tout the benefits of DHA, noting most Americans do not get enough in their diets.
June 09, 2008
In Need of a Green Revolution: An Interview With Robert Paarlberg
Robert Paarlberg, Harvard International Review
Renowned Professor Robert Paarlberg discusses the need for a renewed Green Revolution in Africa “based on public investment in agricultural science and technology, including local research into genetically engineered crops.” He notes that tackling global food prices will make little difference in Africa, as the majority of its poor live in rural areas and rely on locally produced food. He believes African farmers need GM drought-tolerant technology to increase food production.
June 06, 2008
Scientists Advocate GM Food
Daily Guide (Retrieved from Modern Ghana)
Participants from Australia, the United States and some African countries recently attended a three-day international conference in Nigera on the need for genetically modified crops in Africa, specifically Bt cowpea. The meeting was organized by the Nairobi-based African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF) and the Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Currently, AATF is working to develop a new genetically modified cowpea with a Bt gene that would enable smallholder farmers in Africa to have access to high quality cowpea varieties with increased resistance to maruca pod borer, an insect that troubles the produce.
May
May 13, 2008
CropLife International Offers Online Biotech Benefits Database
SeedQuest
CropLife International announced its Biotech Benefits Database now contains over 80 published papers and reviews that demonstrate the benefits associated with the use of agricultural biotechnology products. The online database is a searchable collection of papers that has also been shared through the Biosafety Information Resource Center of the Biosafety Clearing-House (BCH).
May 13, 2008
Egypt Approves Commercialization of First GM Crop
Wagdy Sawahel, SciDev.net
Egypt has approved the cultivation and commercialization of a Bt maize variety, marking the first legal introduction of genetically modified crops into the country. The maize variety is a cross between Monsanto’s MON 810 and an Egyptian maize variety with resistance to three corn borer pests. It is currently produced in South Africa, the only other country in Africa where GM crops have been approved, but starting next year the seeds with be grown in Egypt as well.
May 12, 2008
GM Crops Could Provide $8 Billion Boost
Daniel Palmer, Australian Food News
The Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE) released a report on the possible economic benefits of adopting genetically modified (GM) crops in Australia. The report suggests that if Western Australia, Victoria, South Australia and Queensland adopted major GM crops such as GM canola, wheat, maize, soybeans and rice, the economy would benefit by about $8.1 billion.
May 08, 2008
Navigating the Genetic Engineering Maze
AlphaGalileo
This article cites research published in the International Journal of Biotechnology that found that in the decade since genetically modified strains of Bt maize have been grown in the European Union, crop yields have gone up, farmers' reliance on insecticides has fallen significantly, and the quality of maize has improved. The article also notes that this is true for other countries that have used Bt maize as well.
May 08, 2008
Opposites Attract
A Book Review of Tomorrow's Table: Organic Farming, Genetics, and the Future of Food by Pamela C. Ronald and Raoul W. Adamchak
Kate Washington, Sacramento News & Review
The Sacramento News and Review reviews the book Tomorrow’s Table: Organic Farming, Genetics and the Future of Food, written by Pamela C. Ronald and Raoul W. Adamchak. The book, with its fresh and intriguing premise, its unconventional style and its passion for improving farming and food production, is worth reading with an open mind. The authors contend that the wedding of genetic engineering and organics—concepts that aren’t as black and white, or as diametrically opposed, as many assume—is a new idea of how to support the world’s growing population through environmentally sustainable farming.
April
April 23, 2008
Herbicide Tolerant Plants Can Help Improve Water Quality
American Society of Agronomy (Retrieved from Genetic Modification Blog)
This article originally from the American Society of Agronomy claims that herbicide-tolerant crops can improve water quality. The article cites a study conducted by soil scientists Martin Shipitalo and Lloyd Owens, and agricultural engineer Rob Malone at the USDA-ARS’s North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, OH, aimed to compare the relative losses of residual and contact herbicides when applied at normal rates.
March
March 28, 2008
Demon Seed: How Fear of Life-Saving Technology Swept through Africa
Kerry Howley, Reason Online
Kerry Howley, a senior editor at Reason, posted a portion of her interview with Robert Paarlberg on her blog. Dr. Paarlberg, a professor of Political Science at Wellesley College and associate at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University, discusses the need for GM seeds in Africa and his latest book: Starved for Science: How Biotechnology is Being Kept Out of Africa.
March 04, 2008
Brazil GMO Cane Research Advances, Waits for OK
Reuters
Brazil is working on developing genetically modified sugar cane to be used in ethanol and sugar production. Though field trials are currently being conducted, the cane may not be commercially available for another seven years due to strict biotechnology regulation.
February
February 28, 2008
Scientists Advance "Drought Crop"
BBC News
Scientists say they have made a key breakthrough in understanding the genes of plants that could lead to crops that can survive in a drought. Researchers in Finland and the United States say they have discovered a gene that controls the amount of carbon dioxide a plant absorbs. It also controls the amount of water vapour it releases into the atmosphere. This information could be important for food production and in regulating climate change.
February 28, 2008
GM Maize: 110,000 Hectares Under Cultivation
GMO Compass
This article outlines adoption of genetically modified maize in the EU by country. Nearly 110,000 hectares were grown in Spain, France, Portugal, the Czech Republic, and Germany in 2007. It was grown on only 62,000 hectares the previous year.
February 27, 2008
Agriculture Ministry Growing Five Food Crops through Genetic Engineering
TradingMarkets.com Article from Checkbiotech.org
The Agriculture Ministry's Research and Development Agency in Indonesia is currently developing five genetically engineered food crops for use in five years. The food crops the agency was growing through genetic engineering were tomato, potato, papaya, rice and cassava.
February 27, 2008
South African GM Crops Up 30 Percent in 2007/08
Reuters Africa
South Africa's genetically modified (GM) crop area rose by 30 percent in the 2007/08 season compared to a massive growth of 180 percent in the previous season. South African farmers cultivated 1.8 million hectares of genetically modified maize, soya beans and cotton last year up from 1.4 million in the 2006/07 season.
February 24, 2008
What Farmers Think About GM Crops
News Release from the Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC)
Researchers at Open University in the UK conducted a study on attitudes of farmers concerning genetically modified crops. The study found that most farmers who have been exposed to GM crops simply believe that the technology is an extension of previous plant breeding techniques and do not think GM raises any issues of principle.
February 22, 2008
Pioneer Sees GMOs Gaining Global Market Acceptance
Karl Plume, Reuters
This article discusses the benefits of genetically modified crops in a time when food prices are rising sharply. The article cites GM crops as one of the only possible technologies that will help curb rising food prices.
February 06, 2008
Why We Need GM Foods
Michael Wigan, The Telegraph (UK)
In this article, the author explains that some GM crops enable farmers to significantly reduce tillage — or tractor-trips across the field to aerate the soil. He cites the resulting benefits — reductions in labor, lower fuel costs, less wear-and-tear on machinery and lower carbon emissions — as reasons why genetic modification is a technology that addresses contemporary problems.
February 05, 2008
Bt Cotton Acreage Touches 66% in Current Season in India
Indian Express Newspapers (Mumbai) Ltd.
This article reports on the status of India’s cotton cultivation, stating that an estimated 66 percent of all cotton planted in India is currently genetically modified Bt cotton. The author breaks the percentage down by region, with the central region of India planting the most percentage wise.
January
January 30, 2008
Agri-biotech Sector Grows at 30%
Dilip Kumar Jha, Mumbai, The Business Standard
This article reports that India’s agri-biotech sector has grown 30 percent over the last five years, growth that is expected to continue in the future as well. The article notes that within six years, the Bt cotton acreage in the country has grown manifold accounting for about 70 percent of the total area under cotton cultivation in 2007-08.
January 30, 2008
Farmers May Have Golden Rice by 2011-IRRI
Reuters, LiveMint.com
LiveMint.com, a Web site run by the Wall Street Journal, posted a Reuters article on the possible launch of Golden Rice by 2011, according to the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). IRRI is conducting field trials in the Philippines this year.
January 29, 2008
Bt Cotton Continues to Open Up Economic Opportunities in India
Joseph Vackayil, The Financial Express (India)
The article reports Bt cotton has seen growth in India, stating farmers of Vempavur village, in Perambalur district, in Tamil Nadu have decided to increase the acreage under genetically modified Bt cotton (both Bollgard and Bollgard II varieties) next season indicating the increased popularity of the seed among the state's farmers.
January 29, 2008
Biotech Yield Endorsement Is Good for America's Corn Growers
Western Agricultural Insurance Company Press Release
Western Agricultural Insurance Company and its affiliate, Crop1 Insurance Direct, Inc., will begin offering farmers the new Biotech Yield Endorsement (BYE) insurance that would reward corn growers for using biotech crops. The program, approved by the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, provides farmers with a lower crop insurance premium when they plant at least 75 percent of their insured acres within each insured unit to non-irrigated corn for grain qualifying hybrids with YieldGard VT Triple(TM) and/or YieldGard Plus(R) with Roundup Ready(R) Corn 2.
January 23, 2008
Europe’s Continued Hostility to GM Crops Runs Afoul of Science, WTO
Gregory Conko and Henry I. Miller, Op-Ed in World Politics Review
This op-ed discusses the continued resistance by the European Union to force member countries to lift bans on genetically modified products. The World Trade Organization ruled in November 2005 that some European countries were breaking international trade rules by prohibiting the import of GM crops and food.
January 23, 2008
Benefits Outweigh Risks from Genetically Modified Plants
University of Queensland Australia, UQ News Online
According to a new study authored by ethicist Dr. Lucy Carter, Australian states should not ban the commercial production of genetically modified crops, as the benefits far outweigh the risks. She said research that included risk assessments showed no compelling evidence of harm to humans and no reason for alarm.
January 23, 2008
India May Turn Big Producer of GM Rice, Vegetables by 2010
M.R. Subramani, The Hindu Business Line
According to a research report by Rabo India Finance Ltd on the Indian agri-biotech sector, India could become a major producer of transgenic rice and other GM vegetables such as rice, wheat, eggplant (brinjal), tomato and okra (lady’s finger) by the year 2010.
January 08, 2008
Biotech Firm Plans to Fund GM Rice Crops with Carbon Credits
David Adam, The Guardian
The article reports Arcadia Biosciences will soon begin offering Chinese companies rewards for planting genetically modified crops. The biotechnology company will sell the companies carbon credits, which can then been resold for cash to companies wishing to offset flights by companies wishing to go “carbon neutral.”
January 06, 2008
Pioneer Modifies Sorghum to Boost Nutrition in Africa
Jerry Perkins, DesMoines Register
This article reports that Pioneer Hi-Bred International is developing transgenic sorghum that will help African people receive better nutrition. The second-generation of this crop that Pioneer has created has “more essential amino acids that are easily digestible, especially lysine, and more of vitamins A and E, along with more available iron and zinc.” Pioneer scientists are currently training African scientists in the United States to work on the project, so that the African scientists can also work on it back home in Africa.
Please note that the information provided in these biotech news headlines, articles and releases was current as of the date of the original release or publication. Biotech news may remain posted or archived on this Web site after the original release or publication, but will not be revised to reflect new information that may become available after the original release or publication posting and may be superseded by later dated biotech news headlines, articles and releases.